How is the term 'bias' defined in laboratory settings?

In laboratory settings, the term 'bias' is defined as the measure of the departure from accuracy. This means that it represents a systematic error that leads to results that consistently deviate from the true value or a reference standard. Bias can arise from various factors such as instrument calibration, sample handling, or even the methods used in testing. Understanding bias is crucial because it helps lab professionals identify and correct systematic errors in their processes, ensuring that results are as accurate and reliable as possible.

The other options refer to different aspects of laboratory practice. The manufacturer recommended value pertains to suggested reference points for accuracy, while the average of calculated values refers to a mathematical mean that does not necessarily indicate accuracy or bias. The total number of values used describes the sample size, which relates to statistical validity but not directly to the concept of bias itself.