What does a positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test indicate?

A positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test primarily indicates the presence of hCG in the bloodstream, which is most commonly associated with pregnancy. After fertilization occurs, the developing placenta begins to produce hCG shortly after implantation, making it a reliable biomarker for confirming pregnancy.

In addition to indicating pregnancy, elevated hCG levels can also suggest certain types of tumors, such as gestational trophoblastic disease or specific testicular cancers. This means that when evaluating a positive hCG result, a healthcare provider may consider both pregnancy and potential malignancies as possible causes.

The other choices do not correctly align with what a positive hCG test signifies. While hormonal imbalances may be assessed through other tests, they are not related to hCG specifically. Additionally, genetic disorders and liver function indicators are outside the scope of what an hCG test measures; thus, they do not apply in this context.