What does the Coombs test screen for?

The Coombs test is specifically designed to detect antibodies that may be present on the surface of red blood cells. This is particularly important in the context of hemolytic anemia, which can occur when the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys red blood cells. The test can either be direct or indirect.

The direct Coombs test identifies antibodies that are bound to red blood cells in the patient’s bloodstream, helping to diagnose conditions such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The indirect Coombs test, on the other hand, detects free antibodies in the serum and is often used to assess blood type compatibility prior to blood transfusions or organ transplants, making it crucial for ensuring patient safety during procedures that require blood products.

Therefore, the Coombs test's primary applications in diagnosing hemolytic anemia and ensuring blood type compatibility make the first option correct. The other choices do not relate closely to the functions of the Coombs test and address different medical conditions or screening methods.