What is the term for a laboratory error occurring due to equipment malfunction?

The term that specifically refers to a laboratory error occurring due to equipment malfunction is instrument error. Instrument errors are related to the performance and reliability of the laboratory instruments used for testing. These types of errors can arise from various issues, such as calibration problems, mechanical failures, or software malfunctions, which directly impact the analytical results produced by the equipment.

Analyzing the other options provides further clarity. Post-analytical errors relate to issues that arise after the analysis has been completed, such as reporting errors or data interpretation mistakes. Analytical errors occur during the actual testing phase, which may not specifically involve equipment malfunction but could arise from incorrect methodologies or human errors during the analytical process. Pre-analytical errors take place before the analysis begins, encompassing mistakes related to sample collection, handling, or preparation. While these categories are important for understanding laboratory errors, they do not directly identify errors tied to the malfunctioning of equipment, which is the focus of the correct choice.