Which cell type in the gastric mucosa releases hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

The cell type in the gastric mucosa responsible for releasing hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the parietal cell. These cells are located in the gastric glands of the stomach lining and play a crucial role in digestive processes. The secretion of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells lowers the pH in the stomach, creating an acidic environment that is necessary for the activation of digestive enzymes, such as pepsinogen into pepsin, which aids in protein digestion.

Additionally, the acidic environment serves as a barrier to pathogens, helping to protect the body from infections that could enter through ingested food. Parietal cells also produce intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption. Understanding the role of parietal cells highlights their importance not only in digestion but also in maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract.