Which laboratory department usually tests for infectious diseases?

The microbiology department is specifically focused on the study and analysis of microorganisms, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This department performs various tests designed to detect the presence of infectious agents in clinical specimens. For example, when a patient presents with symptoms of an infectious disease, samples may be sent to the microbiology department for culture and sensitivity testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, or serological studies, which are critical for diagnosing infections.

In contrast, the other departments have distinct roles: the pathology department is primarily concerned with the examination of tissues and organs to diagnose diseases or conditions, hematology focuses on blood and blood disorders, and biochemistry involves the analysis of bodily fluids (often for metabolic and biochemical abnormalities) but does not specialize in identifying infectious agents. Thus, the microbiology department is the most appropriate choice for testing infectious diseases.